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ROUTE DEVELOPMENT, ANTIVIRAL STUDIES, FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE- 2021390

摘要：

It has previously been shown that tryptophan, the biosynthesis precursor of Peganum harmala alkaloids, and its derivatives have anti-TMV activity both in vitro and in vivo. Further exploration of this led to the identification of NK0238 as a highly effective agent for the prevention and control of diseases caused by plant viruses, but the existing routes are unsuitable for its large-scale synthesis. This study optimized a route for two-step synthesis of this virucide candidate via reaction of l-tryptophan with triphosgene to produce l-tryptophan-N-carboxylic anhydride, which then reacts with n-octylamine to give NK0238 at up to 94% yield and nearly 97% HPLC purity. In addition, the route was used for the preparation of NK0238 on a>40 g scale permitting further assessment of its antivirus activity in the greenhouse and field experiments, and toxicity tests. NK0238 exhibited useful antiviral activities against a variety of viruses both in greenhouse and field experiments. The toxicity tests showed that NK0238 was not acutely toxic to birds, fish, honey bees and silkworms. The optimized route provides a solid foundation for its large-scale synthesis and subsequent efficacy and toxicity studies, its excellent activity and safety make NK0238 a promising drug candidate for further development.

 

关键词： antiviral plant protectant / antiviral in the greenhouse / field evaluation / l-trp-NCA / synthesis optimization / toxicity tests    

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ROUTE DEVELOPMENT, ANTIVIRAL STUDIES, FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT

Wentao XU, Hao TIAN, Hongjian SONG, Yuxiu LIU, Yongqiang LI, Qingmin WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》   页码 110-119 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021390

摘要： It has previously been shown that tryptophan, the biosynthesis precursor of alkaloids, and its derivatives have anti-TMV activity both and . Further exploration of this led to the identification of NK0238 as a highly effective agent for the prevention and control of diseases caused by plant viruses, but the existing routes are unsuitable for its large-scale synthesis. This study optimized a route for two-step synthesis of this virucide candidate via reaction of L-tryptophan with triphosgene to produce L-tryptophan- -carboxylic anhydride, which then reacts with -octylamine to give NK0238 at up to 94% yield and nearly 97% HPLC purity. In addition, the route was used for the preparation of NK0238 on a > 40 g scale permitting further assessment of its antivirus activity in the greenhouse and field experiments, and toxicity tests. NK0238 exhibited useful antiviral activities against a variety of viruses both in greenhouse and field experiments. The toxicity tests showed that NK0238 was not acutely toxic to birds, fish, honey bees and silkworms. The optimized route provides a solid foundation for its large-scale synthesis and subsequent efficacy and toxicity studies, its excellent activity and safety make NK0238 a promising drug candidate for further development.

关键词： antiviral plant protectant     antiviral in the greenhouse     field evaluation     L-trp-NCA     synthesis optimization     toxicity tests    

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Direct acting antiviral-induced dynamic reduction of serum

Tung Huynh, Ke-Qin Hu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第6期   页码 658-666 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0707-7

摘要： Direct acting antiviral (DAA) treatments may reduce the elevated α fetoprotein (AFP), but data on how these treatments affect elevated AFP in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) remain insufficient. In the present study, the frequency of baseline AFP elevations and their related factors, AFP dynamics during and after DAA treatment, and factors associated with AFP reduction was assessed. This retrospective study included 141 patients with CHC without hepatocellular carcinoma who received DAA and achieved sustained virological response. The details are as follows: mean post-treatment follow-up was 99 weeks (12–213); mean age, 57.8 years old; 52%, males; 79%, genotype (GT) 1; and 47%, cirrhosis. Pre-treatment AFP elevation (>5.5 ng/mL) was seen in 48.2% patients. On multivariate analysis, baseline AFP>5.5 was associated with the presence of cirrhosis ( =0.001), co-existing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) ( = 0.035), and GT 1 ( = 0.029). AFP normalization was seen in 28.2% patients at treatment week 2, in 52% at the end of treatment, and in 73.4% at the end of follow-up. Post-treatment week 24 AFP normalization was associated with the absence of cirrhosis ( = 0.003), Child–Pugh score<6 ( = 0.015), and baseline AFP<10 ( = 0.015). AFP elevation is common in patients with CHC and independently associated with NASH, cirrhosis, and GT 1. DAA treatment resulted in AFP normalization as early as treatment week 2. Post-treatment week 24 AFP normalization is independently associated with the absence of cirrhosis, Child–Pugh score<6, and baseline AFP<10.

关键词： chronic hepatitis C     α fetoprotein     direct acting antiviral treatment     cirrhosis    

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Design, synthesis, and antiviral properties of 2-aryl-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide derivatives

Xianjin LUO, Zhonglü ZHANG, Yutian YANG, Fei XUE, Naiyun XIU, Yuanbin SHE

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 305-309 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0021-z

摘要： A series of new benzimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their chemical structures were testified by H NMR, infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrography (MS), and elemental analysis. Their potent antiviral properties indicated the prospect of new drugs. Compound , , , , , , and were identified as novel antivirus with much better selective activity and inhibitory activity than the comparable ribavirin against Coxsackie virus B in VERO cells.

关键词： benzimidazole     coxsackie virus B3     antiviral properties    

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Analyzing the energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of Canadian oil sands crude upgrading through

Anton ALVAREZ-MAJMUTOV,Jinwen CHEN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 212-218 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1424-z

摘要： This paper presents an evaluation of the energy intensity and related greenhouse gas/CO emissions of integrated oil sands crude upgrading processes. Two major oil sands crude upgrading schemes currently used in Canadian oil sands operations were investigated: coking-based and hydroconversion-based. The analysis, which was based on a robust process model of the entire process, was constructed in Aspen HYSYS and calibrated with representative data. Simulations were conducted for the two upgrading schemes in order to generate a detailed inventory of the required energy and utility inputs: process fuel, steam, hydrogen and power. It was concluded that while hydroconversion-based scheme yields considerably higher amount of synthetic crude oil (SCO) than the coker-based scheme (94 wt-% vs. 76 wt-%), it consumes more energy and is therefore more CO -intensive (413.2 kg CO /m vs. 216.4 kg CO /m ). This substantial difference results from the large amount of hydrogen consumed in the ebullated-bed hydroconverter in the hydroconversion-based scheme, as hydrogen production through conventional methane steam reforming is highly energy-intensive and therefore the major source of CO emission. Further simulations indicated that optimization of hydroconverter operating variables had only a minor effect on the overall CO emission due to the complex trade-off effect between energy inputs.

关键词： Oil sands crude upgrading     hydroconversion     process modeling     greenhouse gas emissions    

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A comprehensive review of greenhouse shapes and its applications

Ravinder Kumar SAHDEV,Ashwani Kumar DHINGRA,Mahesh KUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 427-438 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0464-8

摘要： Greenhouse technology is a practical option for the production and drying of agricultural products in controlled environment. For the successful design of a greenhouse, the selection of a suitable shape and orientation is of great importance. Of various shapes of greenhouses, the even-span roof and the Quonset shape greenhouses are the most commonly used for crop cultivation and drying. The orientation of greenhouses is kept east–west for maximum utilization of solar radiations. Hybrid and modified greenhouse dryers have been proposed for drying of products. The agricultural products dried in greenhouses are found to be better in quality as compared to open sun drying because they are protected from dust, rain, insects, birds and animals. Moreover, various greenhouses shapes along with their applications have been reviewed.

关键词： greenhouse shapes     drying     solar energy     agriculture products     orientation    

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Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

Jingbo GUO, Fang MA, Yuanyuan QU, Ang LI, Liang WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 271-279 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0328-0

摘要： China now faces double challenges of water resources shortage and severe water pollution. To resolve Chinese water pollution problems and reduce its impacts on human health, economic growth and social development, the situation of wastewater treatment was investigated. Excess sludge and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during wastewater treatment were also surveyed. It is concluded that Chinese water pollution problems should be systematically resolved with inclusion of wastewater and the solid waste and GHGs generated during wastewater treatment. Strategies proposed for the wastewater treatment in China herein were also adequate for other countries, especially for the developing countries with similar economic conditions to China.

关键词： wastewater treatment     solid waste     greenhouse gases     systematical strategies    

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Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 212-225 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0016-y

摘要： As the population and economy continue to grow globally, demand for energy will continue to grow. The transportation sector relies solely on petroleum for its energy supply. The United States and China are the top two oil-importing countries. A major issue both countries face and are addressing is energy insecurity as a result of the demand for liquid fuels. Improvements in the energy efficiency of vehicles and the substitution of petroleum fuels with alternative fuels can help contain growth in the demand for transportation oil. Although most alternative transportation fuels - when applied to advanced vehicle technologies - can substantially reduce greenhouse emissions, coal-based liquid fuels may increase greenhouse gas emissions by twice as much as gasoline. Such technologies as carbon capture and storage may need to be employed to manage the greenhouse gas emissions of coal-based fuels. At present, there is no ideal transportation fuel option to solve problems related to transportation energy and greenhouse gas emissions. To solve these problems, research and development efforts are needed for a variety of transportation fuel options and advanced vehicle technologies.

关键词： transportation energy     energy security     greenhouse gases     alternative fuels     vehicle technologies    

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Accounting greenhouse gas emissions of food consumption between urban and rural residents in China: a

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 357-374 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0763-y

摘要： Food consumption is necessary for human survival. On a global scale, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission related to food consumption accounts for 19%–29% of the total GHG emission. China has the largest population in the world, which is experiencing a rapid development. Under the background of urbanization and the adjustment of the diet structure of Chinese residents, it is critical to mitigate the overall GHG emission caused by food consumption. This study aims to employ a single-region input-output (SRIO) model and a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to measure GHG emission generated from food consumption in China and compare the contributions of different industrial sectors, uncovering the differences between urban and rural residents and among different provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities), as well as identifying the driving forces of GHG emission from food consumption at a national level. The results indicate that the total GHG emission generated from food consumption in China tripled from 157 Mt CO2e in 2002 to 452 Mt CO2e in 2017. The fastest growing GHG emission is from the consumption of other processed food and meat products. Although GHG emissions from both urban and rural residents increased, the gap between them is increasing. Agriculture, processing and manufacture of food, manufacture of chemical and transportation, storage and post services sectors are key sectors inducing food consumption related GHG emissions. From a regional perspective, the top five emission provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) include Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu. Based on such results, policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate the overall GHG emission from food consumption.

关键词： greenhouse gas (GHG) emission     food consumption     industry sectors     mitigation measures     urban governance    

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PROPOSED INNOVATION REFORM MODEL FOR THE MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY IN CHINA TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 234-247 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022468

摘要：

● The carbon footprint of the nitrogen fertilizer chain has decreased significantly over the last decade.

关键词： carbon accounting     life cycle assessment     policy     product structure    

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Field scale measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from land applied swine manure

Devin L. Maurer, Jacek A. Koziel, Kelsey Bruning

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0915-9

摘要： Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from swine production systems are relatively well researched with the exception of emissions from land application of manure. GHGs inventories are needed for process-based modeling and science-based regulations. Thus, the objective of this observational study was to measure GHG fluxes from land application of swine manure on a typical corn field. Assessment of GHG emissions from deep injected land-applied swine manure, fall and reapplication in the spring, on a typical US Midwestern corn-on-corn farm was completed. Static chambers were used for flux measurement along with gas analysis on a GC-FID-ECD. Measured gas concentrations were used to estimate GHGs flux using four different models: linear regression, nonlinear regression, first order linear regression and the revised Hutchinson and Mosier (HMR) model, respectively for comparisons. Cumulative flux estimates after manure application of 5.85 × 10 g·ha (1 ha= 0.01 km ) of CO , 6.60 × 10 g·ha of CH , and 3.48 × 10 g·ha N O for the fall trial and 3.11 × 10 g·ha of CO , 2.95 × 10 g·ha of CH , and 1.47 × 10 g·ha N O after the spring reapplication trial were observed. The N O net cumulative flux represents 0.595% of nitrogen applied in swine manure for the fall trial.

关键词： Climate change     Emissions     Greenhouse gases     Land application     Swine manure    

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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 268-280 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023495

摘要：

● An expert survey highlighted the most effective strategies for GHG and ammonia mitigation.

关键词： agriculture     ammonia     greenhouse gas     mitigation     net zero    

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Critical roles of chemokines and cytokines in antiviral innate immune responses during rabies virus infection

Ying HUANG, Clement Wesley GNANADURAI, Zhenfang FU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 260-267 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016116

摘要： The innate immune response is the first line of defense against viral invasion and pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines have a critical function in the innate immune responses against virus infections. The ability of a rabies virus (RABV) to induce the expression of chemokines and cytokines can lead to viral clearance from the central nervous system (CNS), whereas the ability to evade such expression and activation contributes to virulence and pathogenicity. In this review, the crucial contribution of chemokines/cytokines to clearing RABV from the CNS is discussed, including recruiting leukocytes into the CNS, enhancement of blood brain barrier permeability and activation of various immune cells that are essential for viral clearance. In addition, recombinant RABV expressing cytokines and chemokines can induce elevated innate and adaptive immune responses which result in clearing an established wild-type RABV infection in the CNS.

关键词： antiviral     blood brain barrier     chemokines and cytokines     innate immunity     rabies virus    

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ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIOCIN AGAINST ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN TRANSMITTABLE MUTATED SARS-COV-2: A SYSTEMATIC

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 603-622 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021397

摘要：

The COVID-19 infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in millions of people being infected and thousands of deaths globally since November 2019. To date, no unique therapeutic agent has been developed to slow the progression of this pandemic. Despite possessing antiviral traits the potential of bacteriocins to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been fully investigated. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which bacteriocins can be manipulated and implemented as effective virus entry blockers with infection suppression potential properties to highly transmissible viruses through comprehensive immune modulations that are potentially effective against COVID-19. These antimicrobial peptides have been suggested as effective antiviral therapeutics and therapeutic supplements to prevent rapid virus transmission. This review also provides a new insight into the cellular and molecular alterations which have made SARS-CoV-2 self-modified with diversified infection patterns. In addition, the possible applications of antimicrobial peptides through both natural and induced mechanisms in infection prevention perspectives on changeable virulence cases are comprehensively analyzed. Specific attention is given to the antiviral mechanisms of the molecules along with their integrative use with synthetic biology and nanosensor technology for rapid detection. Novel bacteriocin based therapeutics with cutting-edge technologies might be potential substitutes for existing time-consuming and expensive approaches to fight this newly emerged global threat.

 

关键词： antimicrobial proteins / antiviral profiling of bacteriocins / antiviral therapeutics / immunomodulation / nanosensor technology / mutated SARS-CoV-2    

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Carbon dioxide sequestration in petrochemical industries with the aim of reduction in greenhouse gas

Maryam Takht Ravanchi, Saeed Sahebdelfar, Farnaz Tahriri Zangeneh

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 173-178 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0562-1

摘要： The mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions to acceptable levels is arguably the greatest environmental challenge these days. Vast utilization of fossil fuels and forest destruction are main causes of CO increase in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide sequestration that consists of separation, transportation and utilization or storage of CO , is one way for reduction of its emission, in which the most costly section is separation. Different methods can be used for carbon dioxide separation such as absorption, membrane separation, adsorption and cryogenic distillation. Economic, technical and environmental issues should be considered in selection of the technology for particular application. Carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, pressure and flow rate are influential operating parameters in the selection of the appropriate separation method. Nowadays, absorption is the worldwide industrial separation method. New researches are focused on developing new stable solvents and efficient column configuration with suitable internals to minimize pressure drop. Membrane separation and adsorption (PSA type) are other long-term alternatives that can increase separation efficiency and decrease separation cost. The level of energy consumption in various separation methods are in the order: chemical absorption>physical absorption>membrane separation. Because of high investment costs, current separation technologies are suitable for large concentrated sources. In the present paper, different processes for carbon dioxide separation are investigated and compared. Available technologies and commercial plants for CO sequestration are provided.

关键词： carbon dioxide     greenhouse effect     separation     membrane     absorption     adsorption    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

ROUTE DEVELOPMENT, ANTIVIRAL STUDIES, FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT

期刊论文

ROUTE DEVELOPMENT, ANTIVIRAL STUDIES, FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT

Wentao XU, Hao TIAN, Hongjian SONG, Yuxiu LIU, Yongqiang LI, Qingmin WANG

期刊论文

Direct acting antiviral-induced dynamic reduction of serum

Tung Huynh, Ke-Qin Hu

期刊论文

Design, synthesis, and antiviral properties of 2-aryl-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide derivatives

Xianjin LUO, Zhonglü ZHANG, Yutian YANG, Fei XUE, Naiyun XIU, Yuanbin SHE

期刊论文

Analyzing the energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of Canadian oil sands crude upgrading through

Anton ALVAREZ-MAJMUTOV,Jinwen CHEN

期刊论文

A comprehensive review of greenhouse shapes and its applications

Ravinder Kumar SAHDEV,Ashwani Kumar DHINGRA,Mahesh KUMAR

期刊论文

Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

Jingbo GUO, Fang MA, Yuanyuan QU, Ang LI, Liang WANG

期刊论文

Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

期刊论文

Accounting greenhouse gas emissions of food consumption between urban and rural residents in China: a

期刊论文

PROPOSED INNOVATION REFORM MODEL FOR THE MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY IN CHINA TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE

期刊论文

Field scale measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from land applied swine manure

Devin L. Maurer, Jacek A. Koziel, Kelsey Bruning

期刊论文

GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

期刊论文

Critical roles of chemokines and cytokines in antiviral innate immune responses during rabies virus infection

Ying HUANG, Clement Wesley GNANADURAI, Zhenfang FU

期刊论文

ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIOCIN AGAINST ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN TRANSMITTABLE MUTATED SARS-COV-2: A SYSTEMATIC

期刊论文

Carbon dioxide sequestration in petrochemical industries with the aim of reduction in greenhouse gas

Maryam Takht Ravanchi, Saeed Sahebdelfar, Farnaz Tahriri Zangeneh

期刊论文